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Unix ʷ

1965ʱʵ(Bell Labs)һ(General Electric)ʡѧԺ(MIT)ļƻüƻҪһ׶ʹߡ񡢶(multi-usermulti- processormulti-level)MULTICSϵͳֱ1969꣬MULTICSƻĹ̫üƻͱͣʱKen Thompson󱻳ΪUnix֮ѾһΪǼСijGE-635ĻܣǷӦdzҲһõPDP-7(Digital)Ken ThompsonDernis RitchieͽǼСijֲPDP-7ϡⲿPDP-7ʹʷ˷

MULTICSʵ"MULTiplexed Information and Computing System"д1970ʱDzPDP-7ȴֻ֧ʹߣʱBrian KernighanͿЦϷǵϵͳʵǣ"UNiplexed Information and Computing System"дΪ"UNICS"ȡгͳΪ"Unix"ˡ1970ɳΪUnixԪꡣ

1971꣬һPDP-11/20ǣҪչ鴦ϵͳ᰸ɣҲչһ鴦ϵͳ Unixϵͳ鴦ϵͳ(nroff/troff)ǰȤǣûжãʵҵרIJϵͳΪǴļĹߣʵҵרҲ˳µسΪUnixĵһʽʹߡʱDzPDP-1120ֻ0.5MB̿ռ䡣ϵͳļʾΪ"First Edition"汾197011¡ӴԺUnixİ汾ϵͳļİƺ

UNIX

UNIXʷʼ1969ken ThompsonDennis RitchieK&GCԵķˣһȺһPDP-7ϽеһЩϵͳUNIXҪļ汾Ϊ

ĿǰUNIXSystem VĹ˾Unix System Laboratories (USL)USLΪAT&TУ1993NovellչNovell1993ĩUNIXע̱תøX/Open֯

ĿǰΪֹUNIXɣǾAT&TUNIXϵͳSystem VݴѧУUNIXBSDBerkeley Software DistributionSVR4ںϺIJ1991ףSystem VԵĿ(Open Software Foundation)ƳOSF/1

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ڼҪUNIX汾

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BSDʷ

BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution׼)Unixϵͳ1970ɼݴѧУBSDɴĸ׼ϡ

BSDվUnixϵͳù鹦BSD Licensedzؿɣ1980ļ˾ٶBSDл棬ȽDECUltrixԼSun˾SunOS1990BSD̶ܴϱSystem V4.xԼOSF/1ϵͳȡ俪Դ汾ãٽĿ

PDP-11ʼ

Unix׼Դ1970ıʵңϵͳаԴ룬оԱԼѧԿԲ޸䡣1974꣬һģ:RefUnixϵͳװPDP-11ϣѧϵչо

ѧʼԲȤ1977꣬оBill JoyŴϣΪfirst Berkeley Software Distribution1BSDС1BSDΪUnixϵУǵIJϵͳҪPascalԼJoyexб༭

Second Berkeley Software Distribution2BSD1978귢˶1BSDеJoyд³viı༭exĿӰ汾ԼC ShellijUnixϵͳԱʹá

2BSDԺİ汾𽥴PDP-11ṹVAXֲµ2.11BSD1992귢άһֱ2003ꡣ

VAX 汾

1978꣬װ˵һ̨VAXUnixֲVAXܵUNIX/32VûVAXڴѧд32VĴ󲿷ںˣʵڴ֧֡1979꣬3BSDˣϵͳһںˡ2BSDֲVAXĹߣ32VԭĹߡ

3BSDijɹʹDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDARPA߼о滮𣩾Computer Systems Research Group (CSRGϵͳо)ԿһUnix׼ƽ̨ԹDARPAδо198010£CSRG4BSDð汾3BSDĽ

VAXϵͳVMSûBSDʱ19816£ڷ4.1BSD Bill Joy4.1BSDں˵ܣԸVMSڶƽ̨Ϊ˱AT&TUNIX System VUNIX棩汾ûȡΪ5BSD

Ժ4.2BSD꣬ʵ˶شĽŵ֮ǰм汾Ƴ4.1a޸İBBNԤTCP/IP4.1bMarshall Kirk McKusickʵֵBerkeley Fast File SystemFFS4.1c4.2BSD󼸸µĹɰ档

19838£4.2BSDʽ1982Bill Joy뿪ǰȥSun˾ĵһ汾˺Mike KarelsMarshall Kirk McKusickһֱ쵼ĿֵһǣBSDСħʽMcKusickĻڴӡõĵϣUSENIXС

BSD汾

19866£4.3 BSDð汾Ҫǽ4.2BSD¹ϵߣԭ4.1BSDûкܺõЭڸð汾֮ǰBSDTCP/IPʵѾBBNĹٷʵнϴ졣²ԺDARPAΪ4.2BSDʣ4.3BSD˱μen:History of the Internet

4.3BSDBSD׿ʽVAXƽ̨Computer Consoles޹˾Power 6/32ƽ̨Ϊ"Tahoe"ʱпΪüǵĿԱȻ19886ֲ4.3BSD-TahoeȴֲףBSDڻڻĴ룬ΪδϵͳĿֲԴõĻ

ΪֹеBSD汾רAT&T Unix룬ͼʹþҪAT&T֤Դ֤ʱdzذ󣬼֯ԵȤȫAT&TͿɲ֤֧䡣19896£Networking Release 1Net/1ˣûAT&TȨҲʹãBSD֤ٷ

1990Ƴ4.3BSD-Renoð汾4.4BSDڿĹɰ棬ʹøð汾ϷΪһֶIJΪRenoڻݵĶijŵ

Net/2Լ

Net/1ԺKeith Bostic飬BSDϵͳӦиķAT&T֣Net/1Э鷢ʼһĿʵһЩUnix׼ߣвʹԭAT&T롣磬ViҲǻUnixedı༭дΪnvinew vi18ºAT&TĹ߱滻ʣµֻǴں˵һЩAT&Tļļ޳19916£Net/2ˣһȫµIJϵͳҿɷ

Net/2ΪIntel 80386ֲҪɣWilliam Jolitzɵ386BSDԼרBSD/OSBerkeley Software DesignBSDi386BSDȻüΪNetBSDFreeBSD ԭʼĻ

BSDiܿAT&TUNIX Systems LaboratoriesUSL˾˷ɾף߽ӵSystem VȨԼUnix̱ꡣ1992꣬USLʽBSDiϣ⵼Net/2ֱֹԴܹΪUSLİȨ

оδ׮ϽBSDĿرӳ꣬⵼ûзLinuxں˻˼֧֡Linux386BSDĿͬʱ𲽣Linus Torvalds˵ʱɵUnix-likeϵͳ386ģͿܲᴴLinux޷ԤԺҵʲôӰ죬һԿ϶Linuxӷḻ

4.4BSD

׮19941˽ᣬ˲档׼18,000ļУֻ3ļҪɾ70ļҪ޸ģʾUSLİȨ˵ҪUSLö4.4BSDϣûDzķַߡ

19946£4.4BSDʽٷ4.4BSD-LiteAT&TԴ룻4.4BSD-Encumberedǰİ汾һAT&T License

հ汾19954.4BSD-Lite Release 2CSRGɢڲBSDһ䡣֮󣬼ֻ4.4BSD׼FreeBSDOpenBSDNetBSDԼά

⣬BSD LicenseĿݣIJϵͳɻרBSDĴ롣磬Microsoft WindowsTCP/IPʵBSD룻±룬ڵǰWindows汾УBSDµ繤ߡ

BSDִijUnixȰ˿⣬ֻ֧ЭջStack׽֣socketsͨ׽UnixϵͳļϣûͨдݣֱڴϲһסAT&TʵҲǵSTREAMS⣬ջƵĹܣȻṹĽ׽ֿѾʹù㷺˶Կ׽ֵѯܣڲеselectãʹýֲµAPIѡ

ʱգBSDѧҵɲƷĸ߿ƼʵУƽ̨Ƕʽ豸УʹҲBSDƳڣдĵرDzοĵΪman pagesʹϵͳ˳Աе

๫˾ʹBSDĴ룬˱֧ǵ֪ʶȨLinuxGNU̶GNU General Public License֮ȣBSD LicenseҪȻҲǵĻһЩBSDԼȴ֪顣ȤĻҷšUniversity of California, BerkeleyڲƷĵڣƴеľ̬ݶΣROMУͨһЩƷû濴aboutڣݡ

˼ǣͨһƼݲ㣨compatibility layerBSDϵͳϣͬϵͳϵԭģҪö࣬ͨLinuxӦóҲBSDȫСԣBSDʺΪҲΪվʹã֪LinuxҵԴԽԽˡԱҲԽһЩԭֻҵUNIXֵרתƵBSDڱԭйܵͬʱϵͳִɼʹЩֱиõ

ĩǰBSDϵͳָ֧ͨñ׼IEEEANSIISOԼPOSIXͬʱ˴ͳBSD÷緶

BSDĿԴ

ͬBSDϵͳԲͬ;ûӦڶӲܡгܿBSDӰȻBSDܿܲǶУÿBSDڸԵ򣬶𽥾еרעܣе԰ȫ

עǣеģǻڸʶ俪㣬ûϸرȽϹʵʶԣÿ־BSDɵɫ

ṹ

AT&T UnixһBSDҲõںˣζںе豸ں̬УӶΪϵͳĺIJ֡BSDڰ汾齨Sun˾SunOSUnixվĵһȳ

BSDܵСǵĸӰ죬С̳ʼбɢһЩIJá۵BSDSlashdotϹBSDµ༸ĶԣBSDԼԼѹ塣СǽFreeBSDҪԱȥ֤һЩƤСף˸ۣҥ棬СϢͼBSDߵķӦһЩСBSDм䡣

BSD

ǰBSDUnixϵͳ

ҪLinuxа

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